Fist and Faith wrote:Xar wrote:Slight detour here, but your words remind me of what St. Augustine once said about the problem of evil - namely (and I paraphrase here) that evil does not exist per se, but rather it is an absence of goodness, much in the same way as a wound does not have an independent existence but can only be defined as a "lack of health" in the body. It was his speculation that evil exists only where there is no good, and that therefore it could be extinguished if good were to fill the place it had left. In other words, St. Augustine implied that God allows evil to "exist" only because good can be extracted from it.
Gotta disagree with this. Good might mean going out of your way to find food for a starving person. Is evil
not going out of your way to find food? Or is evil taking food from someone so they starve? I can see a wound being defined as a "lack of health", even though I think "active interruption of health" is better. But a disease that's caused by invading germs is stronger yet.
Well, remember that St. Augustine lived before the discovery of germs

That said, consider this: you see a person who is starving and you know that the only way to get food for that person is to go out of your way to do so. Your choice is either to go out of your way to get food for that person, or not to do so much and leave the person to his or her own devices. St. Augustine would point out that the former would be good; the latter would be evil simply because it's the absence of good (i.e. it's the absence of your willingness to go out of your way to help a fellow human being at the expense of that person's well-being). The quote I mentioned above, from Einstein, would fit this situation quite nicely.
Cybrweez wrote:
Xar wrote:Similarly, but perhaps more subtly, if God gave you commands and the apparent choice was between following them blindly or being damned, wouldn't that also undermine the concept of free will (essentially offering you a "choice" which isn't really balanced, and therefore saying "sure, you have free will, but if you don't do what I want you to do, you'll be burning)?
No, why would it nullify free will? If a govt says you can speed, but you'll get a ticket, did they remove free will? You can still decide. (that's beside the point of whether those 2 choices are the only ones, I'm playing w/the hypothetical)
Well, there are a number of fundamental differences here.
First of all, a difference of degree: a ticket means paying some money, but virtually no other inconvenience; whereas burning in hell for all eternity because you didn't conform to the Rules is a tad bit more... final. It's a much more loaded situation, because a speeding ticket is solved with some money and a bit of annoyment; eternity in hell is extremely more horrifying as a concept. If you'll forgive the example (no disrespect is intended), I would say a fitting situation (in the sense of similar stakes) could be this: a person blackmails you telling that unless you spend the rest of your life giving him what he wants, he'll kidnap you, torture you, maim you and eventually kill you slowly. And maybe he'll get to your family too. Knowing this person could and would do so, what would you choose?
Second, and perhaps most importantly - you have physical evidence for the government's law: you can read it, you can talk with the people who wrote it, you can get clarifications, and the government can amend it. But many people don't even know whether God exists, let alone which God (Muslim? Christian? Hebrew? Maybe a pantheon of gods?); there's also a variety of holy texts, some of which are mutually exclusive. How do you know which Rules are correct?
I'm reminded of a meme on the internet which some attribute to Bohr. Surely you've seen it, it's the answer to the physical question whether Hell is esothermic or endothermic. The student answering the question says, "well, most religions say that if you don't follow them, you go to Hell. Since it's impossible for all of them to be right, and they're mutually exclusive, it's very likely that no one is following the real religion so everyone would go to Hell".
Furthermore, in my opinion (and my opinion only, I would add)... if God exists and judges everyone upon death, I would believe that having led a good life following one's morality (of course, assuming one is not a psychopath) should be far more important than whatever religious denomination one followed while alive. Otherwise... well, otherwise it would mean that 99% of the people on Earth would never be accepted into Heaven no matter how good they were. Besides, if God is a Father (or Mother, however you want to write it)... well, even mortal parents are willing to sacrifice themselves and forgive anything to their children; how much more tolerant should a perfect Parent be?