And Dumbledore, well, he should have told Harry all that, but in his mind he was doing things properly, trying to shield Harry from the genuinely crappy truth of it all. As y'all know, he's the Headmaster.
McGonnagal is just an older version of Hermione. Really cool, but scary when angry. Transfiguration (I love that word) Professor, and Head of Gryffindor House. She's also the Deputy Headmistriss.
Madam Hooch, well, we don't see her much, but she's still good. She teaches flying.
Flitwick. Do we even know his first name? Well, anyway, he's the Charms Professor. Some people seem to think he's the Head of Ravenclaw House.
Prof. Sprout is nice. Head of Hufflepuff House, and Herbology Professor.
Umbitch isn't worth mentioning.
Mad-Eye Moody. Well, that wasn't really him, it was a servant of the Valdie-Mart. But the real Mad-Eye is paranoid and somewhat scary.
Remus Lupin was the third year Defense Against the Dark Arts Professor. He's a werewolf, and is sometimes called Moony. He was friends with James and Sirius when they were at school.
Gilderoy Lockhart *cough git cough* was the second year DAtDA Professor. He's a git.
Quirrel had the Valdie-Mart in the back of his head. He was the first year DAtDA Professor. He's dead now.
Sybill Trelawney is the Divination Professor. Talk about an idiot! Honestly, I doubt if she could predict where her own head was.
Rubeus Hagrid is the Care of Magical Creatures Professor. If you don't know who Hagrid is, read the ruddy books.
Madam Pomfrey, I dunno if she's a Professor or not, but she's the nurse. We see her a lot.
I know I've forgotten a few, so please, please, tell me of this fact so I can hex you. No, really, I've forgotten some, I know.
He may be obnoxious, but he's honorable, too. 
